Title of the article: Comparison of high power energy storage devices for frequency control applications (performance, cost, size and lifespan)

Authors: Mahdi Soltani, Tarek Ibrahim, Ana-Irina Stroe, Daniel-Ioan Stroe

Connection: Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Abstract: The penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) has brought some challenges to grid operation, including frequency variation, low power quality, and reliability issues. These challenges can be mitigated by using battery energy storage systems (BESS) which are characterized by long cycle life and high power. Among the different types of high-power storage devices, lithium titanate oxide (LTO) batteries and lithium ion capacitor cells (LIC) have attracted the most attention. The performance behavior, total cost of the battery system, and system size are some other criteria for cell selection. This study compares the performance behavior of an LTO battery type for this application with two LIC-type storage systems at positive and negative temperatures, and also considers the system size, cost, and cycle life of the BESS. The result proves that LICs are better candidates for low- and high-temperature applications in terms of energy efficiency and capacity loss. However, in terms of cost and size, the high-energy LTO cells are a better choice.

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