#security #ssl #certificate #https #website #server
The SSL certificates are issued by organizations known as Certificate Authorities (CAs). These CAs act as trusted validators and thoroughly verify the identity and legitimacy of individuals or organizations requesting a certificate.

There are several CAs, such as DigiCert and Comodo, that provide these certificates. While most SSL certificates are paid, there are also free options available, such as those from Let's Encrypt.

Additionally, for those working in local testing environments, there is the option to create self-signed certificates. These are particularly useful for development and testing purposes.

Validation levels for SSL certificates:
SSL certificates come in three types: Domain Validated (DV) for basic security, Organization Validation (OV) for moderate security, and Extended Validation (EV) for high security.

The best choice depends on the security needs of your website.

DV SSL is best for personal project websites and is the least expensive option. It requires the website owner to verify that the domain is registered with the domain owner.

Validates control over a domain
Enables https and the padlock icon in browsers
Issued quickly
The Organization (O) and Organizational Unit (OU) fields both display “”.
The Certificate Policy field displays the Object Identifier (OID) value OID.2.23.140.1.2.1. The Subject field contains only a Common Name (CN) value with the domain, for example: CNalbinsblog.com.

OV SSL is best for business or non-profit websites and requires a higher level of authentication, making it more secure. The issuer of the SSL certificate verifies the owner's address and location.
Validates control over the domain
Enables https and the padlock image
Authenticates an organization's legitimacy and adds a level of trust
Shows organization details in the certificate information
Issued within 1-3 days
The Organization (O) field displays the name of your organization.
The Subject field contains information about the organization's location (L), state (ST), and country (C), in addition to the organization (O) and common name (CN).
The Certificate Policy field displays the OID value OID.2.23.140.1.2.2.

EV SSL is best for e-commerce businesses and companies that exchange financial data as it provides the most protection. Furthermore, these certificates offer the highest monetary guarantees for website visitors affected by an SSL error.

Validates control over the domain
Enables https and the padlock image
Authenticates the legitimacy of an organization and adds a level of trust
Verifies that the applicant has the right to request an EV SSL and is in good standing with the organization.
Shows organization details in the certificate information
Issued within 1-5 days
The Organization (O) field displays the name of your organization.
The Subject field contains details about the organization's location (L), state (ST) and country (C), organization (O) and common name (CN), as well as serialNumber, jurisdictionStateOrProvinceName, and jurisdictionCountryName
The Certificate Policy field displays the OID value OID.2.23.140.1.1.

Validates control over a domain:

Verification email
DNS CNAME record
DNS TXT record
HTTP practical demonstration

Different types of SSL certificates are issued

A domain
Wildcard SSL certificates
Multi-domain certificates
Multi-domain wildcard

CSR (Certificate Signing Request)/Private Key:
A CSR is a file containing website and domain information for SSL/TLS certificates.
Certificate Authorities (CAs) use CSRs to issue SSL/TLS certificates for secure website connections.
CSRs contain a public key and signature for identity verification.
Private keys are essential for the operation of TLS certificates.
When requesting a certificate via a CSR, private keys are created.
Keep your private key confidential and accessible only to trusted administrators.
CAs like DigiCert do not create or access your private key.
The private key and SSL certificate are configured on the server for secure communication.
server.csr.cnf
[required]
default_bits 2048
prompt no
default_md sha256
distinctive_name dn

[dn]
KISS
STMN
LEagan
OTech Forum
OUMarketing
[email protected]

openssl req -new -sha256 -nodes -out server.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -config server.csr.cnf

Please take the opportunity to connect and share this video with your friends and family if you find it helpful.