Modulation techniques are fundamental to wireless communication, as they enable the transmission of data via radio waves. These techniques involve changing the properties of a carrier wave, such as its amplitude, frequency, or phase, to encode information.

**Amplitude modulation (AM)** varies the strength of the carrier signal in proportion to the data transmitted, while **Frequency modulation (FM)** changes the frequency of the carrier to represent information. **Phase modulation (PM),** on the other hand, changes the phase of the carrier.

There is also **Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)**, which combines both amplitude and phase modulation to increase bandwidth efficiency. **Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)** is another advanced technique that splits the signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to reduce interference and crosstalk.

These techniques are crucial for achieving reliable and efficient communications in various wireless systems, including television broadcasting, mobile phone networks, and Wi-Fi.

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