Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source obtained from the Earth's natural heat. This heat comes from the Earth's core and can be extracted by drilling wells into geothermal reservoirs, which are found in areas of volcanic activity, hot springs or geysers. The extracted heat can be used for various purposes: Electricity generation: Geothermal power plants convert the Earth's heat into electricity. There are three main types of geothermal power plants: dry steam, flash steam and binary cycle, each suitable for different temperatures and conditions of geothermal reservoirs. Direct use applications: geothermal heat is used directly without converting it into electricity. Applications include heating buildings, greenhouses and aquaculture ponds, as well as in industrial processes. Geothermal heat pumps: These systems use the stable temperatures near the Earth's surface to heat and cool buildings. They are highly efficient and can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to conventional heating and cooling systems. Geothermal energy is environmentally friendly because it releases very few greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuels. Additionally, geothermal power plants have a small footprint on land and can run continuously, making them a reliable source of energy. However, development of geothermal resources can be geographically limited and requires significant upfront investments.

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